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Richmond is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England and the administrative centre of the district of Richmondshire. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, it is situated on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and one of the park's tourist centres.〔"Richmond." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 30 April 2011. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/502797/Richmond〕 Richmond is the most duplicated UK placename, with 57 occurrences worldwide. The Rough Guide describes the town as 'an absolute gem'.〔 〕〔(Richmond Online – Online Guide to Richmond – A brief History ). Richmond.org. Retrieved on 14 May 2011.〕 Betty James wrote that "without any doubt Richmond is the most romantic place in the whole of the North East (England )".〔A kingdom by the sea : an exploration of Northumberland, Durham and the North Riding of Yorkshire James, Betty. p150〕 Richmond was named UK town of the year in 2009. The Georgian Theatre Royal in Richmond, built in 1788, is the UK's most complete 18th century theatre. ==History== The town of Richemont in Normandy (now in the Seine-Maritime département of the Upper Normandy region) was the origin of the placename Richmond.〔Curiously the village of Auppegard (''Appelgart'' a. 1160) in the Seine-Maritime département shares the same etymology as Applegarth (''Appelgard'' a. 1160), because of Anglo-Danish farmers who settled in Normandy around the 10th century.〕 Richmond in North Yorkshire was the eponymous honour of the Earls of Richmond (or ''comtes de Richemont''), a dignity normally also held by the Duke of Brittany from 1136 to 1399. Richmond was founded in 1071〔(Richmond Online Guide to Richmond, Yorkshire ). Richmond.org. Retrieved on 14 May 2011.〕 by the Breton Alan Rufus, on lands granted to him by William the Conqueror. Richmond Castle, completed in 1086, had a keep and walls encompassing the area now known as the Market Place. Richmond was part of the lands of the earldom of Richmond, which was intermittently held by the Dukes of Brittany until the 14th century. When John V, Duke of Brittany died in 1399 Henry IV took possession. In 1453, the earldom was conferred on Edmund Tudor, and was merged with the crown when Edmund's son Henry became king, as Henry VII in 1485. During the English Civil War, the Covenanter Army led by David Leslie, Lord Newark, took over the castle and conflict between local Catholics and Scottish Presbyterians ensued. The prosperity of the medieval town and centre of the Swaledale wool industry greatly increased in the late 17th and 18th centuries with the burgeoning lead mining industry in nearby Arkengarthdale. It is from this period that the town's Georgian architecture originates, the most notable examples of which are to be found on Newbiggin and in Frenchgate . One of Europe's first gas works was built in the town in 1830.〔 A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of Richmond Barracks in 1877. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richmond, North Yorkshire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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